ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with caesarean sections (CS) repeated fourth and fifth times. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 110 patients undergoing CS repeated fourth and fifth times between May 2014 and May 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 had CS repeated four times (n = 90) and group 2 had CS repeated five times (n = 20), and the maternal and fetal outcomes of the groups were retrospectively evaluated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between fourth and fifth CS groups with regard to the maternal age, gravida, body mass index, gestational age at birth, birth-weight, and Apgar scores at 5 minutes (p > 0.05). We found no significant differences between the fourth and fifth CS groups in terms of injury to peripheral organs, intra-abdominal adhesions, caesarean hysterectomy, uterine dehiscence or rupture, time during operation, length of hospital stay, and need for blood transfusions (p > 0.05). Compared with the elective cases, perioperative complications and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in the urgent group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.005). Conclusion: Women with CS repeated four or five times have increased risks for perioperative complications. Placenta previa with or without accreta and intra-abdominal adhesions seem to be the major causes of increased morbidity.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the Bayesian approach as an alternative to the classical analysis of nonlinear models for growth curve data in Japanese quail. A Bayesian nonlinear modeling method is introduced and compared with the classical nonlinear least squares (NLS) method using three non-linear models that are widely used in modeling the growth data of poultry. The Gompertz, Richards and Logistic models were fitted to 499 Japanese quail weekly averaged body weight data. Normal prior was assumed for all growth curve parameters of the models with assuming Jeffreys' non-informative prior for residual variances. Models were compared based on the Bayesian measure of fit, deviance information criterion (DIC), and our results indicated the better fit of Gompertz and Richards models than the Logistic model to our data. Moreover, the parameter estimates of the models fitted by both approaches showed only small differences.

Placental angiogenesis, is essential for embryonic and fetal development. In this study, 18 gestational diabetes mellitus and 22 control pregnancies were included. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) groups compared to the control group significantly higher values were detected (p<0.01). The following histological results were assessed; villous immaturity, chorangiosis, presence of, sncytial knots,mononuclear cell infiltration ischemia and fibrinoid necrosis. To evaluate and compare the placental histology of normal and GDM pregnancies. placentas of pregnant women with gestational diabetes also in terms of angiogenesis and macrophages and ultratructural revealed by examining the possible relationship between fetal complications were investigated.

La angiogénesis de la placenta es esencial para el desarrollo embrionario y fetal. En este estudio, se incluyeron 18 casos de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) y 22 embarazos de control. En grupos los de DMG en comparación con el control, se detectaron valores significativamente mayores (p<0,01) en los siguientes parámetros histológicos que fueron evaluados: inmadurez vellosa, chorangiosis, presencia de nodos sincicial, infiltración celular isquémica mononuclear y necrosis fibrinoide. La investigación de las placentas de mujeres con DMG, reveló mediante el examen en términos de angiogénesis, macrófagos y ultraestructural, la posible relación entre las complicaciones fetales.

This study aimed to assess association between preeclampsia with trophoblast cells and serum level of b-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG). Were compared 20 patients with preeclampsia and 20 control patients with respect to demographics, hematological parameters and the presence of trophopblast in placental samples. Patchy necrosis with loss of microvilli and gross thinning of the syncytium with distorted microvilli were seen in terminal villi of placentae of women with pre-eclampsia Syncytial cells at the molecular level crossings, especially at the level of ßhCG in conjunction with the changes in the preeclampsia was made on the histopathological changes to clarify the villi.

El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre la preeclampsia con células trofoblásticas y concentración sérica de la gonadotropina coriónica humana b (ß-hCG). Se compararon 20 pacientes con preeclampsia y 20 pacientes de control con respecto a datos demográficos, parámetros hematológicos y la presencia de trofoblasto en muestras de placenta. Se observaron áreas dispersadas de necrosis, con pérdida de microvellosidades y adelgazamiento del sincitio con microvellosidades distorsionadas en las vellosidades terminales de placentas en mujeres con células sincitiales preeclámticas a nivel molecular, junto a altos niveles de ßhCG asociados a los cambios generados por la preeclampsia sobre los parámetros histopatológicos.

The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability for some growth traits of Japanese quail through the estimation of variance components by Bayesian methodology. For this purpose, 340 progenies of 34 sires were used. Live weight (LW42) and absolute and relative growth rates at 42 days of age (AGR42 and RGR42, respectively) were submitted to single-trait analysis under a sire model. A software (package MCMCglmm) was used for the estimations, and a single chain with 65,000 rounds was run for each trait with a thinning interval of 50. Burn-in was set at 15,000 and inferences were built on posterior samples of 1,000 draws for each trait. All marginal posterior densities were unimodal and marginal posterior distributions of sire variance are slightly skewed to the right. The results of the analyses showed high, moderate, and low heritability of LW42, AGR42, and RGR42, respectively.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of some carcass characteristics in the Japanese quail. For this aim, carcass weight (Cw), breast weight (Bw), leg weight (Lw), abdominal fat weight (AFw), carcass yield (C P), breast percentage (B P), leg percentage (L P) and abdominal fat percentage (AF P) were measured on approximately 500 quails (offspring of 60 sires and 180 dams). Gibbs sampling (GS) under a multi-trait animal model was applied to estimate heritability and genetic correlations. Genetic analyses were performed using MTGSAM (Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampling) software. Heritability estimates for all the traits were low to moderate. Point estimates (means of marginal posterior densities) of heritabilities for Cw, Bw, Lw, AFw and C P, B P, L P, AF P were 0.42, 0.36, 0.34, 0.40 and 0.11, 0.18, 0.12, 0.29, respectively. Genetic correlations between the carcass parts (Cw, Bw, Lw, AFw) were high and positive, ranging from 0.65 to 0.87. Direct selection for total carcass weight would increase its component traits. There were moderate to high negative genetic relationships between AF P and L P (-0.27), AF P and B P (-0.34), and AF P and C P (-0.89). Therefore, a decreasing AF P in quail could be reached by direct selection for higher C P.